# Rraven: Connecting R and Raven Sound Analysis Software

#### Marcelo Araya-Salas, PhD

#### 2025-10-23

The `Rraven` package is designed to facilitate the exchange of data between R and Raven sound analysis software (Cornell Lab of Ornithology). Raven provides very powerful tools for the analysis of (animal) sounds. R can simplify the automatization of complex routines of analyses. Furthermore, R packages as warbleR, seewave and monitoR (among others) provide additional methods of analysis, working as a perfect complement for those found in Raven. Hence, bridging these applications can largely expand the bioacoustician’s toolkit.

Currently, most analyses in Raven cannot be run in the background from a command terminal. Thus, most `Rraven` functions are design to simplify the exchange of data between the two programs, and in some cases, export files to Raven for further analysis. This vignette provides detailed examples for each function in `Rraven`, including both the R code as well as the additional steps in Raven required to fully accomplished the analyses. Raven Pro must be installed to be able to run some of the code. Note that the animations explaining these additional Raven steps are shown in more detail in the github version of this vignette, which can be downloaded as follows (saves the file “Rraven.github.html” in your current working directory):

    download.file(
      url = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/maRce10/Rraven/master/gifs/Rraven.hitgub.html",
      destfile = "Rraven.github.html")

The downloaded file can be opened by any internet browser.

Before getting into the functions, the packages must be installed and loaded. I recommend using the latest developmental version, which is found in github. To do so, you need the R package remotes (which of course should be installed!). Some warbleR functions and example data sets will be used, so warbleR should be installed as well:

    remotes::install_github("maRce10/warbleR")

    remotes::install_github("maRce10/Rraven")

    #from CRAN would be
    #install.packages("warbleR")

    #load packages
    library(warbleR)
    library(Rraven)

Let’s also use a temporary folder as the working directory in which to save all sound files and data files:

    setwd(tempdir())

    #load example data
    data(list = c("Phae.long1", "Phae.long2", "Phae.long3", "Phae.long4", "lbh_selec_table", "selection_files"))

    #save sound files  in temporary directory
    writeWave(Phae.long1, "Phae.long1.wav", extensible = FALSE)
    writeWave(Phae.long2, "Phae.long2.wav", extensible = FALSE)
    writeWave(Phae.long3, "Phae.long3.wav", extensible = FALSE)
    writeWave(Phae.long4, "Phae.long4.wav", extensible = FALSE)

    #save Raven selection tables in the temporary directory
    out <- lapply(1:4, function(x)
    writeLines(selection_files[[x]], con = names(selection_files)[x]))

    #this is the temporary directory location (of course different each time is run)
    getwd()

## Importing data from Raven

### imp_raven

This function imports Raven selection tables. Multiple files can be imported at once. Raven selection tables including data from multiple recordings can also be imported. It returns a single data frame with the information contained in the selection files. We already have 2 Raven selection tables in the working directory:

    list.files(path = tempdir(), pattern = "\\.txt$")

    [1] "LBH 1 selection table example.txt" "LBH 2 selection table example.txt" "LBH 3 selection table example.txt" "LBH 4 selection table example.txt"

This code shows how to import all the data contained in those files into R:

     #providing the name of the column with the sound file names
    rvn.dat <- imp_raven(all.data = TRUE, path = tempdir())

    head(rvn.dat)

Selection | View | Channel | Begin Time (s) | End Time (s) | Low Freq (Hz) | High Freq (Hz) | Begin File | channel | Begin Path | File Offset (s) | File Offset | selec.file
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
1 | Spectrogram 1 | 1 | 1.1693549 | 1.3423884 | 2220.105 | 8604.378 | Phae.long1.wav | 1 | /tmp/RtmpWpOeaR/Phae.long1.wav | 1.1693549 | NA | LBH 1 selection table example.txt
2 | Spectrogram 1 | 1 | 2.1584085 | 2.3214565 | 2169.437 | 8807.053 | Phae.long1.wav | 1 | /tmp/RtmpWpOeaR/Phae.long1.wav | 2.1584085 | NA | LBH 1 selection table example.txt
3 | Spectrogram 1 | 1 | 0.3433366 | 0.5182553 | 2218.294 | 8756.604 | Phae.long1.wav | 1 | /tmp/RtmpWpOeaR/Phae.long1.wav | 0.3433366 | NA | LBH 1 selection table example.txt
1 | Spectrogram 1 | 1 | 0.1595983 | 0.2921692 | 2316.862 | 8822.316 | Phae.long2.wav | 1 | /tmp/RtmpWpOeaR/Phae.long2.wav | 0.1595983 | NA | LBH 2 selection table example.txt
2 | Spectrogram 1 | 1 | 1.4570585 | 1.5832087 | 2284.006 | 8888.027 | Phae.long2.wav | 1 | /tmp/RtmpWpOeaR/Phae.long2.wav | 1.4570585 | NA | LBH 2 selection table example.txt
1 | Spectrogram 1 | 1 | 0.6265520 | 0.7577715 | 3006.834 | 8822.316 | Phae.long3.wav | 1 | /tmp/RtmpWpOeaR/Phae.long3.wav | NA | 0.626552 | LBH 3 selection table example.txt

Note that the ‘waveform’ view data has been removed. It can also be imported as follows (but note that the example selection tables have no waveform data):

    rvn.dat <- imp_raven(all.data = TRUE, waveform = TRUE,
                         path = tempdir())

Raven selections can also be imported in a ‘selection.table’ format so it can be directly input into warbleR functions. To do this you need to set `warbler.format = TRUE`:

     #providing the name of the column with the sound file names
    rvn.dat <- imp_raven(sound.file.col = "End.File",
                         warbler.format =  TRUE, path = tempdir())

    head(rvn.dat)

selec | Channel | start | end | bottom.freq | top.freq | sound.files | channel | selec.file
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
1 | 1 | 1.169355 | 1.342388 | 2.22011 | 8.60438 | Phae.long1.wav | 1 | LBH 1 selection table example.txt
2 | 1 | 2.158408 | 2.321457 | 2.16944 | 8.80705 | Phae.long1.wav | 1 | LBH 1 selection table example.txt
3 | 1 | 0.343337 | 0.518255 | 2.21829 | 8.75660 | Phae.long1.wav | 1 | LBH 1 selection table example.txt
1 | 1 | 0.159598 | 0.292169 | 2.31686 | 8.82232 | Phae.long2.wav | 1 | LBH 2 selection table example.txt
2 | 1 | 1.457058 | 1.583209 | 2.28401 | 8.88803 | Phae.long2.wav | 1 | LBH 2 selection table example.txt
1 | 1 | 0.626552 | 0.757771 | 3.00683 | 8.82232 | Phae.long3.wav | 1 | LBH 3 selection table example.txt

The data frame contains the following columns: sound.files, channel, selec, start, end, and selec.file. You can also import the frequency range parameters in the ‘selection.table’ by setting ‘freq.cols’ tp `TRUE`. The data frame returned by “imp_raven” (when in the ‘warbleR’ format) can be input into several warbleR functions for further analysis. For instance, the following code runs additional parameter measurements on the imported selections:

    # convert to class selection.table
    rvn.dat.st <- selection_table(rvn.dat, path = tempdir())

    sp <- spectro_analysis(X = rvn.dat, bp = "frange", wl = 150,
                 pb = FALSE, ovlp = 90, path = tempdir())

    head(sp)

    all selections are OK

sound.files | selec | duration | meanfreq | sd | freq.median | freq.Q25 | freq.Q75 | freq.IQR | time.median | time.Q25 | time.Q75 | time.IQR | peakt | skew | kurt | sp.ent | time.ent | entropy | sfm | meandom | mindom | maxdom | dfrange | modindx | startdom | enddom | dfslope | meanpeakf
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Phae.long1.wav | 1 | 0.173033 | 5.97990 | 1.39906 | 6.32799 | 5.29380 | 6.86531 | 1.57151 | 0.076455 | 0.046568 | 0.117463 | 0.070895 | 0.060469 | 1.99941 | 7.02783 | 0.943426 | 0.886904 | 0.836729 | 0.651069 | 6.49105 | 3.825 | 8.325 | 4.50 | 7.20000 | 6.975 | 7.575 | 3.46754 | 7.125
Phae.long1.wav | 2 | 0.163048 | 5.99730 | 1.42293 | 6.21213 | 5.32875 | 6.88079 | 1.55205 | 0.076655 | 0.043903 | 0.115680 | 0.071777 | 0.064809 | 1.91836 | 7.33432 | 0.946822 | 0.888565 | 0.841313 | 0.667865 | 6.71394 | 3.975 | 8.475 | 4.50 | 4.90000 | 6.825 | 7.275 | 2.75992 | 6.975
Phae.long1.wav | 3 | 0.174919 | 6.01830 | 1.51485 | 6.42476 | 5.15025 | 6.97914 | 1.82890 | 0.090243 | 0.053452 | 0.127729 | 0.074277 | 0.122176 | 2.49674 | 11.14773 | 0.945084 | 0.886654 | 0.837963 | 0.671660 | 6.53271 | 2.325 | 8.625 | 6.30 | 10.30952 | 2.925 | 7.275 | 24.86869 | 7.125
Phae.long2.wav | 1 | 0.132571 | 6.39830 | 1.34041 | 6.59597 | 5.60732 | 7.38085 | 1.77353 | 0.076867 | 0.054300 | 0.103665 | 0.049364 | 0.067699 | 1.56852 | 6.01639 | 0.942466 | 0.895480 | 0.843959 | 0.608618 | 6.48287 | 4.875 | 8.025 | 3.15 | 11.47619 | 4.875 | 6.225 | 10.18323 | 7.425
Phae.long2.wav | 2 | 0.126150 | 6.30825 | 1.36924 | 6.59684 | 5.60584 | 7.20729 | 1.60146 | 0.076103 | 0.052849 | 0.097947 | 0.045098 | 0.064828 | 2.47090 | 10.89604 | 0.935773 | 0.897677 | 0.840022 | 0.615234 | 6.17614 | 3.075 | 7.725 | 4.65 | 9.58065 | 5.625 | 5.775 | 1.18906 | 6.675
Phae.long3.wav | 1 | 0.131220 | 6.60830 | 1.09217 | 6.66533 | 6.06320 | 7.34367 | 1.28047 | 0.063505 | 0.043043 | 0.089613 | 0.046571 | 0.052921 | 1.77530 | 6.63238 | 0.930188 | 0.895888 | 0.833344 | 0.570075 | 6.75629 | 4.875 | 8.175 | 3.30 | 11.04546 | 5.475 | 8.025 | 19.43308 | 6.675

And this code creates song catalogs:

    # create a color palette
    trc <- function(n) terrain.colors(n = n, alpha = 0.3)

    # plot catalog
    catalog(X = rvn.dat.st[1:9, ], flim = c(1, 10), nrow = 3, ncol = 3,
            same.time.scale = TRUE,  spec.mar = 1, box = FALSE,
            ovlp = 90, parallel = 1, mar = 0.01, wl = 200,
            pal = reverse.heat.colors, width = 20,
            labels = c("sound.files", "selec"), legend = 1,
            tag.pal = list(trc),  group.tag = "sound.files", path = tempdir())

This is just to mention a few analysis that can be implemented in warbleR.

`Rraven` also contains the function `imp_syrinx` to import selections from Syrinx sound analysis software (although this program is not been maintained any longer).

### extract_ts

The function extracts parameters encoded as time series in Raven selection tables. The resulting data frame can be directly input into functions for time series analysis of acoustic signals as in the warbleR function `freq_DTW`. The function needs an R data frame, so the data should have been previously imported using `imp_raven`. This example uses the `selection_file.ts` example data that comes with `Rraven`:

    #remove previous raven data files
    unlink(list.files(pattern = "\\.txt$", path = tempdir()))

    #save Raven selection table in the temporary directory
    writeLines(selection_files[[5]], con = file.path(tempdir(),
                                            names(selection_files)[5]))

    rvn.dat <- imp_raven(all.data = TRUE, path = tempdir())

    # Peak freq contour dif length
    fcts <- extract_ts(X = rvn.dat, ts.column = "Peak Freq Contour (Hz)")

    head(fcts)

sound.files | selec | PFC..1 | PFC..2 | PFC..3 | PFC..4 | PFC..5 | PFC..6 | PFC..7 | PFC..8 | PFC..9 | PFC..10 | PFC..11 | PFC..12 | PFC..13 | PFC..14 | PFC..15 | PFC..16 | PFC..17 | PFC..18 | PFC..19 | PFC..20 | PFC..21 | PFC..22 | PFC..23 | PFC..24 | PFC..25 | PFC..26 | PFC..27 | PFC..28 | PFC..29 | PFC..30 | PFC..31 | PFC..32 | PFC..33 | PFC..34 | PFC..35 | PFC..36 | PFC..37 | PFC..38 | PFC..39 | PFC..40 | PFC..41 | PFC..42 | PFC..43 | PFC..44 | PFC..45 | PFC..46 | PFC..47 | PFC..48 | PFC..49 | PFC..50 | PFC..51
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Phae.long1.wav | 1 | 6943.4 | 7119.1 | 7294.9 | 7294.9 | 7294.9 | 7382.8 | 7470.7 | 7646.5 | 5185.5 | 5273.4 | 5361.3 | 5449.2 | 5449.2 | 5537.1 | 5537.1 | 5712.9 | 6416.0 | 6591.8 | 6591.8 | 5976.6 | 6503.9 | 5712.9 | 6416.0 | 6240.2 | 5976.6 | 6328.1 | 5185.5 | 5009.8 | 4658.2 | 4306.6 | 3955.1 | 7119.1 | 6855.5 | 6767.6 | 6767.6 | 6855.5 | 6943.4 | 7119.1 | 7207.0 | 7207.0 | 7207.0 | 7031.2 | 6943.4 | 6591.8 | 7119.1 | 7119.1 | 7207.0 | 7119.1 | 7207.0 | 7119.1 | 7119.1
Phae.long1.wav | 2 | 6767.6 | 6943.4 | 7207.0 | 7207.0 | 7294.9 | 7382.8 | 7470.7 | 7558.6 | 7558.6 | 7646.5 | 5185.5 | 5361.3 | 5537.1 | 8261.7 | 8261.7 | 8349.6 | 5800.8 | 6152.3 | 6591.8 | 6679.7 | 5888.7 | 6416.0 | 5625.0 | 6152.3 | 5976.6 | 5976.6 | 5976.6 | 5273.4 | 5273.4 | 4570.3 | 4306.6 | 3867.2 | 7119.1 | 6855.5 | 6855.5 | 6855.5 | 6943.4 | 7119.1 | 7207.0 | 7207.0 | 7207.0 | 7207.0 | 7207.0 | 7119.1 | 7119.1 | 7207.0 | 7119.1 | 7207.0 | NA | NA | NA
Phae.long1.wav | 3 | 6943.4 | 4746.1 | 7119.1 | 4834.0 | 7207.0 | 4921.9 | 4921.9 | 7558.6 | 7646.5 | 7734.4 | 7998.0 | 8085.9 | 5449.2 | 8085.9 | 8349.6 | 7998.0 | 8701.2 | 6503.9 | 6591.8 | 5800.8 | 6503.9 | 6503.9 | 6328.1 | 6416.0 | 5449.2 | 6152.3 | 5361.3 | 5273.4 | 4921.9 | 4482.4 | 4130.9 | 3779.3 | 6943.4 | 6767.6 | 6767.6 | 6767.6 | 6943.4 | 7031.2 | 7119.1 | 7031.2 | 7294.9 | 7207.0 | 7207.0 | 7031.2 | 7207.0 | 7031.2 | 7031.2 | 7119.1 | 7119.1 | 7207.0 | 7119.1
Phae.long2.wav | 4 | 5888.7 | 6503.9 | 4570.3 | 4834.0 | 5185.5 | 5537.1 | 5537.1 | 5800.8 | 6503.9 | 3779.3 | 6240.2 | 6328.1 | 6416.0 | 6591.8 | 5273.4 | 5712.9 | 4921.9 | 7382.8 | 6064.5 | 6767.6 | 7646.5 | 5800.8 | 7470.7 | 7294.9 | 7382.8 | 5537.1 | 6152.3 | 6416.0 | 5888.7 | 7558.6 | 7207.0 | 7294.9 | 6591.8 | 7822.3 | 7822.3 | 5976.6 | 6064.5 | 6152.3 | 6152.3 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA
Phae.long2.wav | 5 | 4570.3 | 4746.1 | 4921.9 | 5097.7 | 5097.7 | 5185.5 | 5800.8 | 5712.9 | 5888.7 | 5976.6 | 6064.5 | 6064.5 | 4570.3 | 6855.5 | 6855.5 | 5976.6 | 6855.5 | 6679.7 | 6328.1 | 7646.5 | 5712.9 | 7207.0 | 6679.7 | 6591.8 | 6240.2 | 6855.5 | 6943.4 | 6416.0 | 6943.4 | 6591.8 | 6503.9 | 6416.0 | 7558.6 | 6591.8 | 5712.9 | 6591.8 | 5537.1 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA
Phae.long3.wav | 6 | 4218.8 | 6240.2 | 6591.8 | 6679.7 | 7119.1 | 5009.8 | 5800.8 | 6240.2 | 6767.6 | 6416.0 | 6328.1 | 6328.1 | 6503.9 | 6679.7 | 6591.8 | 5537.1 | 6679.7 | 6679.7 | 6591.8 | 6943.4 | 5976.6 | 6591.8 | 7119.1 | 6767.6 | 7470.7 | 6416.0 | 7470.7 | 6591.8 | 7998.0 | 7119.1 | 7910.2 | 7031.2 | 6943.4 | 7470.7 | 6943.4 | 7734.4 | 7119.1 | 7822.3 | 6416.0 | 6855.5 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA

Note that these sequences are not all of equal length (one has NAs at the end). `extract_ts` can also interpolate values so all time series have the same length:

    # Peak freq contour equal length
    fcts <- extract_ts(X = rvn.dat, ts.column = "Peak Freq Contour (Hz)",  equal.length = TRUE)

    #look at the last rows wit no NAs
    head(fcts)

sound.files | selec | PFC..1 | PFC..2 | PFC..3 | PFC..4 | PFC..5 | PFC..6 | PFC..7 | PFC..8 | PFC..9 | PFC..10 | PFC..11 | PFC..12 | PFC..13 | PFC..14 | PFC..15 | PFC..16 | PFC..17 | PFC..18 | PFC..19 | PFC..20 | PFC..21 | PFC..22 | PFC..23 | PFC..24 | PFC..25 | PFC..26 | PFC..27 | PFC..28 | PFC..29 | PFC..30
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Phae.long1.wav | 1 | 6943.4 | 7246.40 | 7294.90 | 7397.96 | 7628.31 | 5240.06 | 5391.61 | 5455.26 | 5537.10 | 6076.57 | 6591.80 | 5997.81 | 5958.38 | 6343.26 | 6025.08 | 5343.10 | 4803.69 | 4197.51 | 7110.01 | 6788.82 | 6810.03 | 6979.75 | 7200.94 | 7207.00 | 6997.90 | 6646.35 | 7119.10 | 7158.50 | 7182.75 | 7119.1
Phae.long1.wav | 2 | 6767.6 | 7107.01 | 7228.22 | 7370.68 | 7513.13 | 7567.69 | 5864.40 | 5421.92 | 8167.75 | 8313.23 | 5873.52 | 6516.02 | 6325.11 | 6361.45 | 5988.66 | 5976.60 | 5976.60 | 5273.40 | 4524.83 | 3958.11 | 7010.02 | 6855.50 | 6913.09 | 7143.35 | 7207.00 | 7207.00 | 7194.88 | 7119.10 | 7173.66 | 7207.0
Phae.long1.wav | 3 | 6943.4 | 6464.48 | 5897.76 | 4921.90 | 7285.84 | 7701.06 | 8028.31 | 5631.04 | 8295.04 | 8361.72 | 6525.12 | 5828.08 | 6503.90 | 6364.47 | 5546.18 | 5470.40 | 5067.35 | 4373.31 | 3888.41 | 6810.03 | 6767.60 | 6961.57 | 7113.04 | 7203.97 | 7207.00 | 7049.39 | 7061.51 | 7079.70 | 7143.35 | 7119.1
Phae.long2.wav | 4 | 5888.7 | 5903.82 | 4733.98 | 5161.26 | 5537.10 | 5682.59 | 6406.92 | 4203.59 | 6282.63 | 6397.81 | 6455.41 | 5455.26 | 5140.11 | 7337.34 | 6306.95 | 7343.43 | 5864.44 | 7422.20 | 7346.43 | 5728.03 | 6206.86 | 6143.26 | 7270.69 | 7219.12 | 6979.72 | 7525.28 | 7695.01 | 6009.94 | 6125.05 | 6152.3
Phae.long2.wav | 5 | 4570.3 | 4788.53 | 5006.77 | 5097.70 | 5182.47 | 5782.61 | 5791.71 | 5949.32 | 6058.44 | 5806.88 | 5515.90 | 6855.50 | 6067.52 | 6831.25 | 6546.33 | 7146.42 | 5979.60 | 7152.45 | 6649.39 | 6385.69 | 6749.41 | 6907.03 | 6579.68 | 6749.41 | 6522.09 | 6455.40 | 7291.90 | 6137.20 | 6379.65 | 5537.1
Phae.long3.wav | 6 | 4218.8 | 6361.44 | 6652.42 | 7046.37 | 5309.83 | 6118.99 | 6743.35 | 6379.63 | 6328.10 | 6522.09 | 6640.30 | 5755.31 | 6679.70 | 6637.27 | 6882.78 | 6082.67 | 6864.54 | 6816.08 | 7252.49 | 6997.90 | 6682.72 | 7785.85 | 7582.85 | 7091.82 | 7088.86 | 7143.41 | 7707.12 | 7337.33 | 6900.93 | 6855.5

And the length of the series can also be specified:

    # Peak freq contour equal length 10 measurements
    fcts <- extract_ts(X = rvn.dat, ts.column = "Peak Freq Contour (Hz)",
    equal.length = T, length.out = 10)

    head(fcts)

sound.files | selec | PFC..1 | PFC..2 | PFC..3 | PFC..4 | PFC..5 | PFC..6 | PFC..7 | PFC..8 | PFC..9 | PFC..10
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Phae.long1.wav | 1 | 6943.4 | 7431.63 | 5449.20 | 6533.20 | 6376.93 | 4736.33 | 6767.60 | 7207.00 | 7119.10 | 7119.1
Phae.long1.wav | 2 | 6767.6 | 7402.33 | 5263.63 | 6650.40 | 6357.41 | 5898.47 | 4951.17 | 7041.01 | 7207.00 | 7207.0
Phae.long1.wav | 3 | 6943.4 | 4921.90 | 7792.93 | 7236.33 | 6347.63 | 5000.01 | 6767.60 | 7040.97 | 7128.87 | 7119.1
Phae.long2.wav | 4 | 5888.7 | 5263.63 | 5292.97 | 6533.20 | 7109.37 | 5986.34 | 5742.17 | 7363.27 | 7822.30 | 6152.3
Phae.long2.wav | 5 | 4570.3 | 5097.70 | 5888.70 | 4570.30 | 6855.50 | 5712.90 | 6240.20 | 6943.40 | 7558.60 | 5537.1
Phae.long3.wav | 6 | 4218.8 | 6416.00 | 6533.20 | 6679.70 | 6650.40 | 6943.33 | 7470.70 | 7617.20 | 7470.73 | 6855.5

The time series data frame can be directly input into the `freq_DTW` warbleR function to calculate Dynamic Time Warping distances:

    freq_DTW(ts.df = fcts, path = tempdir())

    calculating DTW distances, no progress bar ...

| Phae.long1.wav-1 | Phae.long1.wav-2 | Phae.long1.wav-3 | Phae.long2.wav-4 | Phae.long2.wav-5 | Phae.long3.wav-6 | Phae.long3.wav-7 | Phae.long3.wav-8 | Phae.long4.wav-9 | Phae.long4.wav-10 | Phae.long4.wav-11
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Phae.long1.wav-1 | 0.00 | 2509.73 | 5702.99 | 9541.19 | 12411.93 | 9648.40 | 7207.00 | 7343.82 | 13740.28 | 11455.40 | 14970.64
Phae.long1.wav-2 | 2509.73 | 0.00 | 5624.78 | 7334.11 | 12333.71 | 10058.78 | 7255.63 | 7734.49 | 14257.91 | 10908.22 | 15107.31
Phae.long1.wav-3 | 5702.99 | 5624.78 | 0.00 | 10615.03 | 11620.86 | 11044.99 | 8046.64 | 7675.46 | 15077.77 | 13476.38 | 14696.92
Phae.long2.wav-4 | 9541.19 | 7334.11 | 10615.03 | 0.00 | 7665.76 | 9111.46 | 7587.78 | 7109.27 | 11318.26 | 10683.49 | 11572.13
Phae.long2.wav-5 | 12411.93 | 12333.71 | 11620.86 | 7665.76 | 0.00 | 8466.93 | 9160.36 | 8339.72 | 10839.78 | 13535.00 | 9902.21
Phae.long3.wav-6 | 9648.40 | 10058.78 | 11044.99 | 9111.46 | 8466.93 | 0.00 | 6464.63 | 6425.53 | 16122.97 | 15234.57 | 14413.98
Phae.long3.wav-7 | 7207.00 | 7255.63 | 8046.64 | 7587.78 | 9160.36 | 6464.63 | 0.00 | 4882.82 | 13144.40 | 11689.30 | 13095.31
Phae.long3.wav-8 | 7343.82 | 7734.49 | 7675.46 | 7109.27 | 8339.72 | 6425.53 | 4882.82 | 0.00 | 13711.03 | 13144.48 | 13515.51
Phae.long4.wav-9 | 13740.28 | 14257.91 | 15077.77 | 11318.26 | 10839.78 | 16122.97 | 13144.40 | 13711.03 | 0.00 | 10517.49 | 9424.16
Phae.long4.wav-10 | 11455.40 | 10908.22 | 13476.38 | 10683.49 | 13535.00 | 15234.57 | 11689.30 | 13144.48 | 10517.49 | 0.00 | 9725.81
Phae.long4.wav-11 | 14970.64 | 15107.31 | 14696.92 | 11572.13 | 9902.21 | 14413.98 | 13095.31 | 13515.51 | 9424.16 | 9725.81 | 0.00

### relabel_colms

This is a simple function to relabel columns so they match the selection table format used in warbleR:

    #to simplify the example select a subset of the columns
    st1 <- rvn.dat[ ,1:7]

    #check original column names
    st1

    # Relabel the basic columns required by warbleR
    relabel_colms(st1)

Additional columns can also be relabeled:

    # 2 additional column
    relabel_colms(st1, extra.cols.name = "View",
                  extra.cols.new.name = "Raven view")

selec | Raven view | Channel | start | end | bottom.freq | top.freq
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
1 | Spectrogram 1 | 1 | 1.169 | 1.342033 | 2220.1 | 8604.4
2 | Spectrogram 1 | 1 | 2.158 | 2.321048 | 2169.4 | 8807.1
3 | Spectrogram 1 | 1 | 0.343 | 0.517919 | 2218.3 | 8756.6
4 | Spectrogram 1 | 1 | 0.160 | 0.292571 | 2316.9 | 8822.3
5 | Spectrogram 1 | 1 | 1.457 | 1.583150 | 2284.0 | 8888.0
6 | Spectrogram 1 | 1 | 0.627 | 0.758220 | 3006.8 | 8822.3
7 | Spectrogram 1 | 1 | 1.974 | 2.104179 | 2776.8 | 8888.0
8 | Spectrogram 1 | 1 | 0.123 | 0.254217 | 2316.9 | 9315.2
9 | Spectrogram 1 | 1 | 1.517 | 1.662425 | 2514.0 | 9216.6
10 | Spectrogram 1 | 1 | 2.933 | 3.077186 | 2579.7 | 10235.1
11 | Spectrogram 1 | 1 | 0.145 | 0.290099 | 2579.7 | 9742.3

### imp_corr_mat

The function imports the output of a batch correlation routine in Raven. Both the correlation and lag matrices contained in the output ‘.txt’ file are read and both waveform and spectrogram (cross-correlation) correlations can be imported.

This example shows how to input the sound files into Raven and how to bring the results back to R. First, the selections need to be cut as single sound files for the Raven correlator to be able to read it. We can do this using the `cut_sels` function from warbleR:

    #create new folder to put cuts
    dir.create(file.path(tempdir(), "cuts"))

    # add a rowname column to be able to match cuts and selections
    lbh_selec_table$rownames <- sprintf("%02d",1:nrow(lbh_selec_table))

    # cut files
    cut_sels(X = lbh_selec_table, mar = 0.05, path = tempdir(), dest.path =
               file.path(tempdir(), "cuts"),
             labels = c("rownames", "sound.files", "selec"), pb = FALSE)

    #list cuts
    list.files(path = file.path(tempdir(), "cuts"))

Every selection is in its own sound file (labeled as `paste("rownames", "sound.files", "selec")`). Now open Raven and run the batch correlator on the ‘cuts’ folder as follows:

And then import the output file into R:

    # Import output (change the name of the file if you used a different one)
    xcorr.rav <- imp_corr_mat(file = "BatchCorrOutput.txt", path = tempdir())

The function returns a list containing the correlation matrix:

    xcorr.rav$correlation

| 01-Phae.long1-1.wav | 10-Phae.long4-2.wav | 11-Phae.long4-3.wav | 07-Phae.long3-2.wav | 05-Phae.long2-2.wav | 09-Phae.long4-1.wav | 04-Phae.long2-1.wav | 02-Phae.long1-2.wav | 06-Phae.long3-1.wav | 03-Phae.long1-3.wav | 08-Phae.long3-3.wav
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
01-Phae.long1-1.wav | 1.000 | 0.216 | 0.184 | 0.285 | 0.443 | 0.195 | 0.145 | 0.613 | 0.360 | 0.812 | 0.236
10-Phae.long4-2.wav | 0.216 | 1.000 | 0.781 | 0.290 | 0.235 | 0.907 | 0.289 | 0.176 | 0.204 | 0.209 | 0.323
11-Phae.long4-3.wav | 0.184 | 0.781 | 1.000 | 0.279 | 0.186 | 0.804 | 0.274 | 0.127 | 0.189 | 0.185 | 0.393
07-Phae.long3-2.wav | 0.285 | 0.290 | 0.279 | 1.000 | 0.433 | 0.281 | 0.270 | 0.251 | 0.635 | 0.274 | 0.496
05-Phae.long2-2.wav | 0.443 | 0.235 | 0.186 | 0.433 | 1.000 | 0.197 | 0.243 | 0.449 | 0.397 | 0.363 | 0.304
09-Phae.long4-1.wav | 0.195 | 0.907 | 0.804 | 0.281 | 0.197 | 1.000 | 0.310 | 0.164 | 0.199 | 0.214 | 0.322
04-Phae.long2-1.wav | 0.145 | 0.289 | 0.274 | 0.270 | 0.243 | 0.310 | 1.000 | 0.151 | 0.302 | 0.182 | 0.256
02-Phae.long1-2.wav | 0.613 | 0.176 | 0.127 | 0.251 | 0.449 | 0.164 | 0.151 | 1.000 | 0.264 | 0.448 | 0.200
06-Phae.long3-1.wav | 0.360 | 0.204 | 0.189 | 0.635 | 0.397 | 0.199 | 0.302 | 0.264 | 1.000 | 0.318 | 0.377
03-Phae.long1-3.wav | 0.812 | 0.209 | 0.185 | 0.274 | 0.363 | 0.214 | 0.182 | 0.448 | 0.318 | 1.000 | 0.227
08-Phae.long3-3.wav | 0.236 | 0.323 | 0.393 | 0.496 | 0.304 | 0.322 | 0.256 | 0.200 | 0.377 | 0.227 | 1.000

and the time lag matrix:

    xcorr.rav$`lag (s)`

| 01-Phae.long1-1.wav | 10-Phae.long4-2.wav | 11-Phae.long4-3.wav | 07-Phae.long3-2.wav | 05-Phae.long2-2.wav | 09-Phae.long4-1.wav | 04-Phae.long2-1.wav | 02-Phae.long1-2.wav | 06-Phae.long3-1.wav | 03-Phae.long1-3.wav | 08-Phae.long3-3.wav
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
01-Phae.long1-1.wav | 0.000 | 0.011 | 0.006 | 0.028 | 0.034 | 0.006 | 0.023 | 0.000 | 0.023 | -0.006 | 0.023
10-Phae.long4-2.wav | -0.011 | 0.000 | -0.006 | 0.040 | 0.023 | -0.006 | -0.028 | -0.017 | 0.040 | -0.017 | 0.057
11-Phae.long4-3.wav | -0.006 | 0.006 | 0.000 | 0.046 | 0.028 | 0.000 | -0.023 | -0.074 | 0.046 | -0.011 | 0.063
07-Phae.long3-2.wav | -0.028 | -0.040 | -0.046 | 0.000 | -0.011 | -0.046 | -0.023 | -0.034 | 0.000 | -0.028 | 0.017
05-Phae.long2-2.wav | -0.034 | -0.023 | -0.028 | 0.011 | 0.000 | -0.028 | 0.017 | -0.028 | 0.023 | -0.040 | 0.006
09-Phae.long4-1.wav | -0.006 | 0.006 | 0.000 | 0.046 | 0.028 | 0.000 | -0.023 | 0.034 | 0.046 | -0.011 | 0.063
04-Phae.long2-1.wav | -0.023 | 0.028 | 0.023 | 0.023 | -0.017 | 0.023 | 0.000 | -0.057 | 0.057 | -0.051 | 0.017
02-Phae.long1-2.wav | 0.000 | 0.017 | 0.074 | 0.034 | 0.028 | -0.034 | 0.057 | 0.000 | 0.040 | 0.000 | 0.023
06-Phae.long3-1.wav | -0.023 | -0.040 | -0.046 | 0.000 | -0.023 | -0.046 | -0.057 | -0.040 | 0.000 | -0.028 | 0.000
03-Phae.long1-3.wav | 0.006 | 0.017 | 0.011 | 0.028 | 0.040 | 0.011 | 0.051 | 0.000 | 0.028 | 0.000 | 0.023
08-Phae.long3-3.wav | -0.023 | -0.057 | -0.063 | -0.017 | -0.006 | -0.063 | -0.017 | -0.023 | 0.000 | -0.023 | 0.000

This output is ready for stats. For instance, the following code runs a mantel test between cross-correlation (converted to distances) and warbleR spectral parameter pairwise dissimilarities:

    #convert cross-corr to distance
    xcorr.rvn <- 1- xcorr.rav$correlation

    #sort matrix to match selection table
    xcorr.rvn <- xcorr.rvn[order(rownames(xcorr.rvn)), order(colnames(xcorr.rvn))]

    #convert it to distance matrix
    xcorr.rvn <- as.dist(xcorr.rvn)

    # measure acoustic parameters
    sp.wrblR <- spectro_analysis(lbh_selec_table, bp = c(1, 11), wl = 150,
                       pb = FALSE, path = tempdir())

    #convert them to distance matrix
    dist.sp.wrblR <- dist(sp.wrblR)

    Warning in dist(sp.wrblR): NAs introducidos por coerción

    vegan::mantel(xcorr.rvn, dist.sp.wrblR)

    Mantel statistic based on Pearson's product-moment correlation

    Call:
    vegan::mantel(xdis = xcorr.rvn, ydis = dist.sp.wrblR)

    Mantel statistic r: 0.259
          Significance: 0.017

    Upper quantiles of permutations (null model):
      90%   95% 97.5%   99%
    0.156 0.198 0.229 0.295
    Permutation: free
    Number of permutations: 999

There is actually a good match between the two methods!

## Exporting R data to Raven

### exp_raven

exp_raven saves a selection table in ‘.txt’ format that can be directly opened in Raven. No objects are returned into the R environment. The following code exports a data table from a single sound file:

    # Select data for a single sound file
    st1 <- lbh_selec_table[lbh_selec_table$sound.files == "Phae.long1.wav", ]

    # Export data of a single sound file
    exp_raven(st1, file.name = "Phaethornis 1", khz.to.hz = TRUE, path = tempdir())

If the path to the sound file is provided, the functions exports a ‘sound selection table’ which can be directly open by Raven (and which will also open the associated sound file):

    # Select data for a single sound file
    st1 <- lbh_selec_table[lbh_selec_table$sound.files == "Phae.long1.wav",]

    # Export data of a single sound file
    exp_raven(st1, file.name = "Phaethornis 1", khz.to.hz = TRUE,
              sound.file.path = tempdir(), path = tempdir())

This is useful to add new selections or even new measurements:

If several sound files are available, users can either export them as a single selection file or as multiple selection files (one for each sound file). This example creates a multiple sound file selection:

    exp_raven(X = lbh_selec_table, file.name = "Phaethornis multiple sound files",
              sound.file.path = tempdir(), single.file = TRUE, path = tempdir())

These type of tables can be opened as a multiple file display in Raven.

## Running Raven from R

Functions to run Raven from R only work on Raven Pro 1.5 or earlier versions.

### run_raven

The function opens multiple sound files simultaneously in Raven. When the analysis is finished (and the Raven window is closed) the data can be automatically imported back into R using the ‘import’ argument. Note that Raven, unlike R, can also handle files in ‘mp3’, ‘flac’ and ‘aif’ format .

    # here replace with the path where Raven is install in your computer
    raven.path <- "PATH_TO_RAVEN_DIRECTORY_HERE"

    # run function
    run_raven(raven.path = raven.path, sound.files = c("Phae.long1.wav", "Phae.long2.wav", "Phae.long3.wav", "Phae.long4.wav"),
              import = TRUE, all.data = TRUE, path = tempdir())

See `imp_raven` above for more details on additional settings when importing selections.

### raven_batch_detec

As the name suggests, raven_batch_detec runs Raven detector on multiple sound files (sequentially). Batch detection in Raven can also take files in ‘mp3’, ‘flac’ and ‘aif’ format (although this could not be further analyzed in R!).

This is example runs the detector on one of the example sound files that comes by default with Raven:

    detec.res <- raven_batch_detec(raven.path = raven.path,
                                   sound.files = "BlackCappedVireo.aif",
                                   path = file.path(raven.path, "Examples"))

Please report any bugs here. The `Rraven` package should be cited as follows:

Araya-Salas, M. (2017), Rraven: connecting R and Raven bioacoustic software. R package version 1.0.0.

Session information

    R version 4.3.2 (2023-10-31)
    Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu (64-bit)
    Running under: Ubuntu 22.04.2 LTS

    Matrix products: default
    BLAS:   /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/blas/libblas.so.3.10.0
    LAPACK: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/lapack/liblapack.so.3.10.0

    locale:
     [1] LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8       LC_NUMERIC=C               LC_TIME=en_US.UTF-8        LC_COLLATE=en_US.UTF-8     LC_MONETARY=en_US.UTF-8
     [6] LC_MESSAGES=en_US.UTF-8    LC_PAPER=en_US.UTF-8       LC_NAME=C                  LC_ADDRESS=C               LC_TELEPHONE=C
    [11] LC_MEASUREMENT=en_US.UTF-8 LC_IDENTIFICATION=C

    time zone: America/Costa_Rica
    tzcode source: system (glibc)

    attached base packages:
    [1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base

    other attached packages:
    [1] kableExtra_1.4.0   Rraven_1.0.16      warbleR_1.1.36     NatureSounds_1.0.5 knitr_1.50         seewave_2.2.3      tuneR_1.4.7

    loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
     [1] sass_0.4.10        shinyBS_0.61.1     bitops_1.0-9       xml2_1.4.0         lattice_0.20-45    stringi_1.8.7      digest_0.6.37
     [8] magrittr_2.0.4     grid_4.3.2         evaluate_1.0.5     RColorBrewer_1.1-3 iterators_1.0.14   soundgen_2.6.2     fastmap_1.2.0
    [15] Matrix_1.6-5       foreach_1.5.2      jsonlite_2.0.0     brio_1.1.5         mgcv_1.8-39        httr_1.4.7         viridisLite_0.4.2
    [22] scales_1.4.0       permute_0.9-7      pbapply_1.7-4      codetools_0.2-18   textshaping_1.0.4  jquerylib_0.1.4    cli_3.6.5
    [29] rlang_1.1.6        fftw_1.0-9         splines_4.3.2      cachem_1.1.0       yaml_2.3.10        vegan_2.6-8        tools_4.3.2
    [36] parallel_4.3.2     curl_7.0.0         vctrs_0.6.5        R6_2.6.1           proxy_0.4-27       lifecycle_1.0.4    dtw_1.23-1
    [43] stringr_1.5.2      MASS_7.3-55        cluster_2.1.2      bslib_0.9.0        glue_1.8.0         Rcpp_1.1.0         systemfonts_1.3.1
    [50] xfun_0.53          rstudioapi_0.17.1  farver_2.1.2       rjson_0.2.23       nlme_3.1-155       htmltools_0.5.8.1  rmarkdown_2.30
    [57] svglite_2.2.1      testthat_3.2.3     signal_1.8-1       compiler_4.3.2     RCurl_1.98-1.17